Andrej Karpathy·2025·Y Combinator AI Startup SchoolFrom Software 1.0 (code) to 2.0 (weights) to 3.0 (prompts): Karpathy's case that natural language is becoming the new programming interface, with LLMs as the new computer.
Andrej Karpathy·2023Karpathy builds and trains a decoder-only Transformer from first principles, following Attention Is All You Need, ending at the core of nanoGPT.
Andrej Karpathy·2023A one-hour, general-audience tour of what LLMs are, how they're trained, where they're going, and the new class of security problems they create.
Andrej Karpathy·2023·Microsoft BuildThe pretraining → SFT → reward modeling → RLHF pipeline behind ChatGPT-class assistants, plus practical mental models for prompting and using them well.
Andrej Karpathy·2018·Spark+AI SummitKarpathy's argument that large chunks of conventional code are being replaced by learned weights — and what that means for the tools, infrastructure, and skills around them.
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